Eye Examination: Definition
An eye exam can be defined as a series of tests conducted by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) or optometrist to check on the patient’s eye health (vision) and detect potential conditions, diseases, or abnormalities. The eye exam includes measuring the visual acuity of both eyes (individually and together), binocular vision assessment, depth perception, eye coordination, eye movements, and eye-hand coordination, among other tests. When you visit Eye Care Centers, the doctors (ophthalmologists) will ask you to describe any visual problems you may have and your medical history. Under normal circumstances, the ophthalmologist may have to measure your eye pressure and shine a light to examine both the front and inside the eyes.
How Often Should I Have My Eyes Examined?
It is important to have your eyes examined professionally regularly or as part of your routine health checks. For healthy adults, ophthalmologists recommend taking an eye test once every 5 to 10 years, especially if you are between 20 and 30 years, and once every 2-4 years if between 40 and 54. Those aged 55 and above should have their eyesight checked every other year. The tests will however be more frequent if you have a history of eye disease or already wear prescription glasses or contact lenses. Individuals with chronic illnesses also have a higher risk of developing an eye disease, hence should have their eye health examined regularly.
Most Common Eye Conditions, Symptoms, And Treatment Options
According to research, 2 in every 3 adults has some degree of vision impairment. Although dozens of disorders and diseases can affect the eyes, they all come down to 5 major conditions, namely:
1. Refractive errors
2. Age-related macular degeneration
3. Cataracts
4. Diabetic retinopathy
5. Glaucoma
1. Refractive Errors
Refractive errors mainly consist of astigmatism, farsightedness, and nearsightedness. These conditions occur when light is improperly refracted through the cornea, resulting in a flawed image. The most common symptom of refractive errors is the inability to focus on objects, which can sometimes be accompanied by headaches. Refractive errors are however easy to correct through surgery, contact lenses, or eyeglasses. However, a comprehensive eye exam is required to determine the best corrective measure or lenses.
2. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
AMD is most prevalent in adults over the age of 55. It is a result of thinning of the macula, one of the main components of the retina. Age-related macular degeneration is mainly characterized by reduced ability to make out fine details in objects and may lead to complete loss of central vision over time. Regular exams can help diagnose this condition early, making it possible for the ophthalmologist to manage or slow down the condition.
3. Cataracts
A cataract can be defined as clouding the otherwise clear eye lens, making things seem less colorful, hazy, and blurry. Blurred vision, double vision, glare, and light sensitivity are some of the most common symptoms of cataracts. Cataracts are easy to identify as they form a whitish cover on your eye lens. Left untreated, cataracts can lead to total blindness. Thankfully, cataracts can be corrected in simple cataract surgery.
4. Diabetic Retinopathy
This condition is most prevalent in people with diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy occurs due to high blood sugar levels causing damage to blood vessels in the retina. Left unchecked, this condition can lead to irreversible loss of vision. Regular eye health monitoring and early diagnosis can however help prevent/manage the condition.
5. Glaucoma
Glaucoma is mainly characterized by damage to the optic nerve caused by increased eye pressure. The damage to the optic nerve interrupts the proper transfer of visual information to and from the brain. The first signs and symptoms of glaucoma (in its early stages) include severe eye pain, tunnel vision, gradual peripheral vision loss, vomiting, and nausea. Early diagnosis can help manage/slow the condition, maintaining overall vision.
Eye exams are particularly important for the health and wellness of your overall health. Make an effort to visit approved eye care centers for eye exams tests and help manage these conditions and more. Early diagnosis makes managing a condition and maintaining your vision easier than when done too late.
